About Cannabidiol (cbd)
This thread is dedicated to CBD, CBD is good for leveling out the THC high, eases rapid heartbeat and ALOT of other things also helping stop cancer growth. I always heard CBD made you sleepy high and THC alert speedy high, this is not correct in fact CBD does make you alert in the correct doses. Also I always heard indicas had more CBD tha sativas, also not true, CBD has been bred out of most strains in the past but now people have realized the benefits and are breeding it back into cannabis. I feel CBD should get alot more attention than it does. Im gonna copy and paste as much info as I can find on CBD here. Also I will be editing constantly to make it more readable


Cannabidiol —CBD— is a compound in Cannabis that has medical effects but does not make people feel “stoned” and actually counters some of the effects of THC. After decades in which only high-THC Cannabis was available, CBD-rich strains are now being grown by and for medical users.

The reduced psychoactivity of CBD-rich Cannabis may make it an appealing treatment option for patients seeking anti-inflammatory, anti-pain, anti-anxiety and/or anti-spasm effects without disconcerting euphoria or lethargy.

Scientific and clinical studies indicate that CBD could be effective in easing symptoms of a wide range of difficult-to-control conditions, including: rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, alcoholism, PTSD, epilepsy, antibiotic-resistant infections and neurological disorders. CBD has demonstrated neuroprotective effects, and its anti-cancer potential is currently being explored at several academic research centers in the U.S. and other countries.



Conditions Treatable By CBD/THC

* AIDS
* Wasting Syndrome
* Arthritis
* Asthma
* Autism
* Cancer / Tumors
* Crohn's Disease / IBS
* Depression / Mental Illness
* Degenerative Diseases
* Diabetes
* Eating Disorders
* Epilepsy / Seizure Disorders
* Glaucoma
* Harm Reduction
* Intractable Breathlessness
* Migraine
* Multiple Sclerosis
* Nausea
* Obstetric Problems
* Pain
* Phantom Limb Pain
* PTSD
* Withdrawal


LOTS of good infor on projectcbd.org ima try and copy and paste as much as I can here, If anyone has any info/experiance on CBD please post here. Also any known high CBD strains.

The story to date"
In the spring of 1998, the British government licensed a company called GW Pharmaceuticals to grow Cannabis and develop a precisely consistent plant extract for use in clinical trials. GW's co-founder Geoffrey Guy, MD, was convinced —and had convinced the Home Office— that by using CBD-rich plants, GW could produce a Cannabis-based medicine with little or no psychoactive effect. That summer Guy described his approach at a meetingof the International Cannabinoid Research Society. In addition to countering the psychoactivity of THC, Guy said, CBD conferred benefits of its own. Queen Victoria had used CBD-rich Cannabis for menstrual cramps. Indeed, animal studies suggest that CBD lessened anxiety and reduced the severity and frequency of seizures.
It was assumed that generations of breeding for maximum THC had reduced CBD in California cannabis to trace levels. GW had gotten its CBD-rich strains by acquiring the genetic library of HortaPharm, a Dutch seed company run by American ex-pat naturalists, David Watson and Robert Clarke. Tod Mikuriya, MD, founder of the Society of Cannabis Clinicians, expressed hope that "our Burbanks in the hills" would have preserved or could develop CBD-rich strains if and when an analytic test lab began serving the medical Cannabis industry.
As the years went by, more and more promising studies involving CBD were described at meetings of the ICRS, the International Association for Cannabinoid Medicine, and Patients Out of Time. California doctors kept abreast of the research and O'Shaughnessy's reported on it, but we were merely observers, not participants —until the fall of 2008, when Oakland's Steep Hill Laboratory began testing samples provided by Harborside Health Center.
Approximately one in 750 samples of Cannabis being grown for medical use is turning out to be CBD-rich. (For data collection purposes, "CBD-rich" has been defined as 4% or more by dry weight.) Doctors and patients now have a unique opportunity to evaluate its effects.

SOURCE:ProjectCBD
Thanks to Dredank posting this orginally at a privite site


HOW DOES CBD COUNTER ANXIETY?
A new study by Jose A. S. Crippa and a team of Brazilian investigators confirms that symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder can be reduced by treatment with CBD —and identifies areas of the brain involved in the process. The paper by Crippa et al, "Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report," was published online Sept. 9 in the Journal of Psychopharmacology. Ten men with severe Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), ages 20 to 33, participated in the study, which was conducted at the University of Sao Paulo. Crystalline CBD from THC Pharm in Frankfurt was used. Prior to undergoing a neuroimaging procedure to measure blood flow in the brain, the subjects were given either 400 mg of CBD dissolved in corn oil and packed in a gel cap, or a placebo gel cap. A week later they were given the alternative treatment. The investigators assumed that the neuroimaging —Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), which involves insertion of an intravenous tube and observation by a technician deploying a high-tech apparatus— was in itself an anxiety-producing event. Subjects recorded their anxiety levels before, during, and after the neuroimaging by means of a "Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS)." The researchers were able to correlate these subjective reports with blood-flow activity measured in the brain. "CBD was associated with significantly decreased anxiety," they concluded. They observed reduced radioactive tracer intake in the left parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampus, and the inferior temporal gyrus. They saw increased uptake in the right posterior cingulated gyrus. "These results suggest that CBD reduces anxiety in SAD and that this is related to its effects on activity in limbic and paralimbic brain areas," according to Crippa. If CBD-rich Cannabis exerts similar effects, Crippa's findings suggest that it can be useful in decreasing anxiety.



The Science

12/11/10 SCC HEARS McALLISTER ON CANCER RESEARCH
Barriers between pro-Cannabis MDs and the medical establishment are falling. Doctors who monitor cannabis use by patients were bursting with questions yesterday during a talk by Sean McAllister, PhD, who has been studying the anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids in the laboratory (on a grant from NIH and with a license from the DEA). The occasion was the winter meeting of the Society of Cannabis Clinicians. "That's a very good question," McAllister would say, and provide the answer, and tie it back into his main thread.
Sean McAllister, Ph.D. Researcher Jahan Marcu at Temple University wrote up a recent presentation by McAllister, covering the same ground. Here's Jahan's account:

Dr. McAllister and colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute have discovered that CBD (Cannabidiol) is a very potent inhibitor of breast cancer. They have reported findings on the cumulative effect of CBD and THC in blocking proliferation of brain-cancer cells, and on CBD's mechanism of action in blocking breast-cancer metastasis.

A new study by McAllister et al in the Journal of Breast Cancer Research and Treatment is an in-depth look at how CBD kills breast cancer cells in an animal model. CBD affects a protein called ID-1, which appears to be a major conductor of cancer cells. ID-1 is thus is an excellent target for a cancer treatment.
Invasion Assay When cancer spreads it can eat through tissue (the process is called "metastasis"). CBD appears to inhibit the cells' aggressive behavior. The image above is from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells. The cancer cells are placed on a gel which contain small holes. The cells are dosed with a drug and after a few days you can count the number of cells that have made it through. This simulates what a tumor does as it eats its way through human tissues. The little black triangles are the cells. You can see that only a half-dozen or so made it through the gel when dosed with CBD (on the right). The control on the left shows that in the absence of CBD, the cancer cells easily chew through the gel.

McAllister and colleagues at California Pacific have posted a video showing cannabinoids selectively killing cancer cells.


The therapeutic potential of CBD or a synthetic version thereof is, of course, of interest to pharmaceutical companies. McAllister mentioned that work may soon start on a CBD and breast cancer clinical trial with synthetic cannabidiol provided by a British company, STI pharmaceuticals. Top



CBD MAY COUNTER THE MUNCHIES
The title of a paper published in Neuropsychopharmacology earlier this year —"Cannabidiol Attenuates the Appetitive Effects of Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans Smoking Their Chosen Cannabis"— suggests to us that CBD-rich Cannabis might work as an appetite suppressant. The authors, Celia Morgan and colleagues from University College London, tested 94 subjects on two occasions. The subjects smoked their own Cannabis and "while acutely under the influence" were offered more Cannabis, other drugs, and food. Morgan et al measured the eagerness with which the subjects responded to the offerings, and found that it correlated inversely with the CBD-to-THC ratio of the Cannabis the subjects were smoking. In other words, the higher the proportion of CBD they had ingested, the less desirous they became of more drugs and food.

In the great Prohibitionist tradition, Morgan et al concluded that "CBD has potential as a treatment for Cannabis dependence" and "ossibly… for other addictive disorders."

Here's the abstract: "Worldwide Cannabis dependence is increasing, as is the concentration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in street Cannabis. At the same time, the concentration of the second most abundant cannabinoid in street Cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), is decreasing. These two cannabinoids have opposing effects both pharmacologically and behaviorally when administered in the laboratory. No research has yet examined how the ratio of these constituents impacts on the appetitive/reinforcing effects of Cannabis in humans. A total of 94 Cannabis users were tested 7 days apart, once while non-intoxicated and once while acutely under the influence of their own chosen smoked Cannabis on dependence-related measures. Using an unprecedented methodology, a sample of Cannabis (as well as saliva) was collected from each user and analyzed for levels of cannabinoids. On the basis of CBD : THC ratios in the Cannabis, individuals from the top and bottom tertiles were directly compared on indices of the reinforcing effects of drugs, explicit liking, and implicit attentional bias to drug stimuli. When intoxicated, smokers of high CBD : THC strains showed reduced attentional bias to drug and food stimuli compared with smokers of low CBD : THC. Those smoking higher CBD : THC strains also showed lower self-rated liking of Cannabis stimuli on both test days. Our findings suggest that CBD has potential as a treatment for Cannabis dependence. The acute modulation of the incentive salience of drug cues by CBD may possibly generalize to a treatment for other addictive disorders."
We'll look into the appetite-suppressant angle here at Project CBD…In animal studies another compound in the Cannabis plant, THC-V, has been found to suppress food cravings.



CBD "ALERTING" EXCEPT IN HIGH DOSES
Nancy Sajben, MD, has shared a note from a patient about a CBD-rich strain purchased at Harborside Health Center (after he couldn’t find any CBD-rich Cannabis in Southern California).
The patient wrote: “Incredible Romulan, with a little vaping in the oven to remove THC, proved excellent for my chronic insomnia when made into a tincture.”
Dr. Sajben wanted to know whether heating Cannabis would indeed remove THC.
Project CBD explains: “Just a few comments on the concept of increasing CBD over THC —I am afraid that this is not rational. Firstly, you can’t create CBD when it’s not there to begin with. There are a lot of crazy misconceptions floating around along the lines of raw Cannabis has more CBD; that heating turns THC into CBD; or that you can differentially favor one over the other. None of these are true. The amount of CBD in a given chemotype is genetically determined, period. Generally speaking, drug strains of Cannabis available in North America rarely have any significant amount of CBD.

“THC has a boiling point of 157 Celsius, with CBD listed as 160-180 Celsius. However, both begin to sublimate off at even lower temperatures, and commercially available vaporizers, even the Volcano, do not heat evenly enough to allow fractionation of one component over another. What your patient is doing is wasting some cannabinoids and terpenoids by preheating. To get all of them out requires more prolonged heating, or a higher temperature. When the latter is done, it favors higher molecular weight sesquiterpenoids, many of which are sedating. That would account for the hypnotic effect along with whatever residual THC is left. Contrary to popular belief, CBD is actually alerting, except at exceptionally high doses.
References: “A Tale of Two Cannabinoids: The Therapeutic Rationale for Combining Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol” by Ethan Russo and Geoffrey W. Guy, and “Effect of D-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Nocturnal Sleep and Early-Morning Behavior in Young Adults" by Anthony N. Nicholson, Claire Turner, Barbara M. Stone and Philip J. Robson.

AN EXCHANGE re: DOSING QUESTION
From a reader: Conventional meds have not prevented our son from having seizures. He has been given a remarkable Cannabis concentrate —17% THC, 16% CBD— and wants to make cookies. His plan —which his neurologist is aware of— is to take a single-dose cookie when he wakes up and every four hours thereafter until he goes to bed, to maintain roughly even cannabinoid levels. He wants to find the dose at which he can be functional and seizure-free. He will titrate, of course, but what should the starting point be —how many miligrams of THC and CBD should that cookie contain?
Reply from Janet Weiss, MD: Two options: If using the dronabinol dosing model as a starting point (30-90 mg), then an ingested dose would be 15 mg per cookie, consuming 6 cookies per day. Assumes that 50% of the cannabinoid content is destroyed in cooking or otherwise is not bioavailable, I would start with a recipe that results in 30 mg of cannabinoids per cookie in the batter. If using the Sativex dosing model (2.7 mg THC/2.5 mg CBD) per spray, 5-12 sprays/day (which assumes no destruction from cooking and 80% mucosal bioavailability), then 13.9 mg. is a dose. Since GI bioavailability is less than mucosal, I again come up with an ingested dose of 15 mg per cookie. (And suggest starting with 30 mg. cannabinoids per cookie in the batter). That's my 2 cents.


ABOUT DOSING
Questions were put to a source familiar with both HortaPharm’s and GW Pharmaceuticals’ research into CBD-rich cannabis. He generalized:
“At low doses, equal amounts of CBD will blunt the peak effect of THC somewhat, but not eliminate it by any means. If given first, CBD can block the high of THC. At higher doses, the effects of THC overwhelm those of CBD, and one can still become extremely high.”
There were two very interesting presentations at the 2010 ICRS conference in Lund, Sweden, relevant to dosing questions.
• Yosef Sarne, an Israeli scientist, reported that ultra-low doses of THC had long-lasting effects “on cognitive functioning in mice.” Homeopathy!
• Jacqueline Blankman from the Scripps Institute in San Diego reported on a powerful new compound that inhibits MAGL, the main enzyme that breaks down 2-AG. But it did this so effectively that 2-AG levels skyrocketed and her team observed the opposite reactions of everything they had expected –pro-inflammatory rather than anti-inflammatory, etc. At the same time, anandamide levels decrease when 2-AG levels are high (and vice versa), thereby accentuating the biphasic experience.



Availability

Two years ago one analytic chemistry lab had begun testing Cannabis buds for potency in California, and one strain had been found to contain more than 4% Cannabidiol (CBD) by weight. Today there are at least 10 labs serving the industry in CA, Colorado, and Montana, and more than 25 CBD-rich strains have been identified (See list at right).

Dedicated plant breeders aspire to produce strains stable enough to enable seed sales. As one skilled breeder reminds us, "stabilizing the genetics... is not just a simple F1 Hybrid between two parents that may or may not have the desired traits. Stabilization could take as many as five or six inbred generations beyond the original F1 cross to establish a homozygous gene condition for CBD."

We asked the dean of West Coast plant breeders, DJ Short, to define his standard of stability. "If you cross it with itself, you get pretty much the same thing," he replied. DJ guarantees that at least 2 females (and 2 males) in your pack of 10 will display or exceed the advertised characteristics. That means half the seeds, based on an 80% sprout rate. DJ says he could cross more generations and approach 100% replicability, but he knows the buyers would rather have access now, on the two-out-of-10 basis.

Lawrence Ringo of Southern Humboldt Seed Collective informs us that he has stabilized the CBD-rich Sour Tsunami strain and will make seeds available as of March 1!



The Marketing of Cannabidiol

Given the huge potential market for less psychoactive and non-psychoactive Cannabis, the introduction of CBD-rich medicine at the dispensary level can be seen as rather slow. Many dispensary owners have been reluctant to stock CBD-rich strains because their present customers are seeking —or are not adverse to— Cannabis that provides euphoria or sedation. In other words, THC content sells, it's a sure thing. Why should a dispensary spend money and devote shelf space to a type of Cannabis that most medical users haven't heard of and whose effects are unproven? Growers, in turn, have to anticipate the wants of dispensary buyers, and are reluctant to devote precious garden space to plants for which there is no established market.
Demand at the dispensary level might not take off until effectiveness is established. Which might not happen until significant numbers of patients have tried CBD-rich Cannabis and taken the SCC survey to report their results.



Why the Occasional CBD-rich Strain?

Why does it happen, that after generations of breeding Cannabis to maximize THC, about one in 500 samples tested by the labs is found to contain 4% CBD or more? This is one of many questions we hope to answer. A friend is convinced that a mutation gave rise to his True Blueberry x OG Kush cross, which typically contains 10% CBD or more. "Neither parent stock had CBD," he notes. It took a series of crosses and parent selections to produce his blue-ribbon strain. When and where would such a mutation occur? As the Cannabis plant matures, the common precursor to both CBD and THC is a molecule called cannabigerolic acid (CBGA).



CBD Synthesis

CBGA is turned into CBD acid and THC acid by enzymes called CBDA synthase and THCA synthase. A mutation resulting in excess CBDA synthase or deficient THCA synthase would result in CBD-rich offspring.

We hope to track the similarities and differences reported between strains with similar cannabinoid ratios. Harlequin, Jamaican Lion and Omrita Rx3, for example, have been tested several times by several labs and are in the neighborhood of 8-9% CBD and 5.5-6% THC —about a 3:2 ratio. And yet anecdotal evidence suggests differing effects. We have only taken the first step on a long march towards understanding.

SOURCE: ProjectCBD

O’Shaughnessy’s

• Winter/Spring 2008 —31—
The emerging significance of cannabis components other than THC was again a prominent theme when the International Association of Cannabis as Medicine met in Cologne in early Oc-tober, 2007. The IACM was founded in199W by Franjo Grotenhermen, MD (as the German ACM); it is a smaller organization than the ICRS and its focus is more clinical, less pharmacological.

Mechoulam thought his study of cannabis would be “aminor project, it will be finished off in six months.”
Raphael Mechoulam of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Faculty of Medi-cine gave a talk on cannabidiol on the occasion, he noted, of his 45th year of involvement in the field. In the Fall of 1962 Mechoulam had just gotten his PhD in chemistry and was looking for a research project that might lead to tenure at the Weizmann Institute. He chose to analyze the components of cannabis,he said, thinking “it’s a minor project, it will be finished off in six months.”

“There is a fantastic collaboration between Arabs and Jews in smuggling,” Mechoulam observed.
Hashish of Lebanese origin was obtained from the police —“There is a fantastic collaboration between Arabs andJews in smuggling,” Mechoulam ob-served— and a dozen constituents were then identified by two types of chromatography. (Some cannabis constituentshad been identified previously, including CBD, which Roger Adams of the University of Illinois isolated in the early1940s.) Mechoulam and his co-workers elucidated the exact chemical structure of CBD in 1962 and of THC the following year. It was generally assumed for almost two decades that the cannabinoids exerted effects not by binding to a specific receptor but “non specifically” by altering the lipid structure of cellular mem-brane. Mechoulam established that thea ction was specific by purifying THC and showing that only the natural version of the molecule —and not its synthetic mirror image— was exerting the effect.In 1988 Alynn Howlett found that THC was indeed activating a receptor.It was dubbed “CB1” and was found in those areas of the brain involved in movement, stress, cognitive function —“everywhere it would be expected,” said

Mechoulam on Cannabidiol
Raphael Mechoulam
An Overview at the IACM meeting in Cologne

At the IACM meeting: Mechoulam and Christian Steup,director of THC-Pharm, a Frankfurt chemical company that synthesizes CBD for clinical and research purposes.
Mechoulam, given what was known about the effects of cannabis on people.“A receptor doesn’t exist in the brain just because there’s a plantout there,” Mechoulam reasoned, “chances are there are endogenous compounds thatwill act on these recep-tors —so we went after them.”Whereas others were looking for pep-tides, Mechoulam figured the CB1 receptor would be activated bya lipid. Sophisticated analytical techniques and brilliant, dedicated lab work-ers (“They should not be married so theycan work 24 hours a day, seven days a week”) enabled Mechoulam to isolate a cannabinoid produced by the body it-self —arachidonoyl-ethanolamide or AEA, which his colleague William Devane dubbed “anandamide,” incorporating the Sanskrit word for “bliss.”
“There is almost no physi-ological system that has been looked into in which endocannabinoids don’t play a certain part.”
Mechoulam’s lab isolated a second endogenous compound, arachidonylglyceride, or 2-AG, which is more abun-dant in the body but less potent thananandamide. Although their structuresare different, AEA, 2-AG and THC have similar pharmacological effects.The receptors to which they bindweave in and out of the cell membraneand are coupled to a protein that triggersevents within the cell leading to slowed release of neurotransmitters. (Think of a tiny doorknob twisting on the outsideof a frenzied beehive and starting a sequence of events on the inside that results in fewer bees departing the hive.)Because the cannabinoids affect the intensity with which other neurotransmitters are firing, they modulate numerous systems within the body.Mechoulam said, “There is almost no physiological system that has been looked into in which endocannabinoids don’t play a certain part.”Unlike THC, CBD hardly binds to theCB1 receptor. It binds to a second cannabinoid receptor —CB2—originally found in spleen cells by S. Munro of Cambridge University in 1993 and sub-sequently found in the stomach, liver,heart, kidney, lymph and immune cells,bones, endocrine glands, and through-out the peripheral nervous system.In his IACM talk Mechoulam re-viewed research in recent years that has shed light on aspects of CBD’s mechanism of action. Its lipid-solubility enables it to get into places in the brain that conventional neurotransmitters cannot reach. It is a potent anti-oxidative agent.It turns out to be an
antagonist
to a recently discovered receptor called GPR-55 to which THC and 2-AG bind as agonists. It blocks the uptake of adenosine,an inhibitory neurotransmitter that may promote sleep. It blocks the formation of various cytokines (signaling com-pounds not released by nerves or glands)under certain circumstancs. It activates the serotonin receptors. No wonder,then, that CBD plays a role in many clini-cal conditions.

Conditions treatable by CBD
Mechoulam described an experiment led by Paul Consroe and colleagues in Brazil in which CBD was tested as a treatment for intractable epilepsy. Patients stayed on the anti-convulsants they had been on (which hadn’t eliminated their seizures) and added 200mg/day of CBD or a placebo. Of the seven patients getting CBD over the course of severalmonths, only one showed no improve-ment; three became seizure-free; one experienced only one or two seizures, Mechoulam recalled; and two experienced reduced severity and occurrenc eof seizures.
“Nobody has done any work on cannabidiol in the clinic on epilepsy, and I just wonder why.”
“
So it seemed a very promising approach,” said Mechoulam, “but unfortunately, nothing has been done ever since. To the best of my knowledge, no-body has done any work on cannabidiol in the clinic on epilepsy, and I just won-der why.”A colleague of Mechoulam’s, Marc Feldman at Imperial College, London,tested CBD on mice who had a version of rheumatoid arthritis and found that itr educed inflammation by almost 50% at the right dose —5mg/kg of body weight.But this “beautiful anti-inflammatory re-action was lost if we went up to, say, 25mg/kg,” Mechoulam said. Drug developers must bear in mind and cope with the fact that cannabinoids have a finite“therapeutic window” —they are ineffective at low and high doses.


CBD for Diabetes
Mechoulam has been testing CBD on mice bred to have a version of type-1diabetes that manifests around age 14weeks. He and his co-workers treated these mice with CBD for their first 6-7weeks of life, then tested them 6-7 weeks later and found that only 30% had de-veloped diabetes (compared to 90-100%given placebo).

CBD did not just prevent on-set but blocked development of diabetes.
In a follow-up experiment the mice weren’t given a course of CBD until age14 weeks, when they were developing diabetes. They were then tested at age24 weeks, and again only 30% of the treated mice were found to have diabetes. In other words, CBD did not just prevent onset but blocked development of diabetes.Examination of the insulin-producing islets showed that only 8% were in tact in the untreated diabetic mice, whereas77% were intact in the mice treated withCBD. “I believe that here we have some-thing very promising,” Mechoulam said.“We plan to have a clinical trial starting next week treating patients, and hope-fully at the next meeting I will tell you that all of them are cured.”

“Let’s have some more CBD”
Cardiologists working with mice at Hebrew University have found that CBD treatment at the time of a heart attack can reduce infarct size by about 66%.“So now they’re pushing me, ‘let’s have more CBD,’” Mechoulam said. “We should try it with humans in a few years.”He went on: “What about sleep? I’m jumping from thing to thing to show you that CBD does quite a lot of things and I’m not sure that all of them are according to the same mechanism.”Mechoulam was part of a group led by Eric Murillo-Rodriguez that administered CBD to rats and determined that while THC caused sleepiness, CBD in-creased wakefulness and significantly decreased REM sleep. According to Mechoulam, “When one says ‘cannabis causes sleep,’ one should think really of two compounds, one that causes sleep and one that causes awakening.”

Anti-nausea
The anti-nausea and memory extinction effects of CBD “seem to be closely related,” Mechoulam said. He described the problem of anticipatory nausea, for which no good drugs are available. (The effects of chemotherapy can be so nauseating that patients start vomiting when they see the doctor or nurse who is going to administer the treatment.)Linda Parker at the University of Guelph conditioned shrews to start vomiting by administering lithium fluoride at a certain location. When the shrews were subsequently placed in that location they began vomiting. But if given CBD, they could be moved to the dreaded location without vomiting.[THC is anti-emetic, too; the advantage of CBD in this instance may be legal rather than medical.]“The conditioned-wretching reaction was completely abolished,” Mechoulam declared. “Can we abolish other kinds of conditoning?”He described an experiment in which rats had a choice of two paths, one lead-ing to cocaine. Rats like cocaine (and amphetamine) and will learn to choose the path leading to it. But if injected with CBD, they no longer show a preference for cocaine! Mechoulam characterized post-traumatic stress disorder, certain phobias and forms of chronic pain as “human situations which are conditioned” and might be amenable to treatment with CBD. “I know that many patients with PTSD take cannabis, self administered,” Mechoulam said. He has been trying to interest the Israeli Ministry of Health in testing CBD and THC at various ratios to treat PTSD

This was info I found awhile back and posted at MP original post date was 5/31/2012 and made a sticky there. I copied it here when I was told MP was closing so that at least all the info in the stickies there would still be available to ppl to use.

There no problems with live info links